We learn that JJ Thomson discovered the electron in 1897. Several years EARLIER in 1886, Eugen Goldstein performs the same experiment but with the anode and cathode switched to produce positively charged canal rays. My question is, did JJ know about Goldstein’s experiment? I’m surmising he did no...

In high school we learn that when a reaction has both negative $\Delta{}S$ (entropy change) and negative $\Delta{}H$ (enthalpy change) it occurs spontaneously at lower temperatures, but becomes non-spontaneous at higher temperatures. I know that water freezing below $\pu{293 K}$ is an example of ...