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When Bash starts, it executes the commands in a variety of different scripts.
When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from the file ~/.bash_logout, if it exists.