Memory management is about ensuring all allocated resources are deallocated exactly once and correctly. Fragmentation results from the common scenario where the programmer repeatedly allocates, deallocates, and reallocates memory of arbitrary sizes and in arbitrary order. Some memory management techniques prevent fragmentation, by significantly constraining how memory allocation and deallocation are performed (e.g. only permit fixed size allocations, order of deallocations must be the exact reverse order of allocations). Programmers tend to whine when required to adhere to such constraints. — Peter 14 secs ago

Please see How do I ask and answer homework questions and An open letter to students with homework problems, and the How to Ask page in general. — Dave Newton 29 secs ago

This site is not a code-writing service. We can help you with specific questions about your code, ideally accompanied by an MCVE. See also: Open letter to students with homework problems — Bohemian ♦ 23 secs ago

Stack Overflow is not a code writing service. Open letter to students with homework problems and How to ask homework questions: Make a genuine attempt yourself, show your code, ask a specific question. — kaylum 40 secs ago

Welcome to Stack Overflow (SO). SO is a question and answer page for professional and enthusiast programmers. Please add your own code to your question. You are expected to show at least the amount of research you have put into solving this question yourself. — Cyrus 25 secs ago

Please see How do I ask and answer homework questions? and Open letter to students with homework problems. — JaMiT 40 secs ago

Need to process If you want to hire a programmer to do some job for you, write to a freelancing site, where you offer money in exchange for services. This is a forum for programmers to deal with hard programming questions. || If you want to do it yourself, what have you tried? What research did you do? What program have you written already? Research multiple introductions into sed and awk tools and write a script. See How to Ask, also stackoverflow.com/editing-help . — KamilCuk just now

this type of question can be answered by c programmers also. — Vora Arshit 15 secs ago

If C programmers want to answer C++ questions, they will follow the C++ tag. You do not have a right to demand their attention. Further, this question involves aspects of C++ that are not present in C, and it is not expected that all C programmers will be familiar with the necessary concepts and rules. — Eric Postpischil 22 secs ago

There's already a great answer below, so just to add a some context: in Java, objects are not tied to one location in memory - they are frequently moved around (this is invisible to programmers, as their references remain valid and unchanging) - as part of a complex performance trade-off. — fdreger 20 secs ago

@SergeyKolesnik this is actually a completely standard implementation of double dispatch, I feel all C++/OO programmers should know about it. — n. 1.8e9-where's-my-share m. 41 secs ago

... current directory defined by a process outside of own code is a not really reliable for always working code. That is not so easy as it looks like because of most Java programmers think current working directory is identical to directory containing .class (not compiled) or .jar or .war file (compiled) which can be true, but can be also false as the process starting java.exe determines which directory is the current working directory. — Mofi 25 secs ago

The concept of doubly linked list would be a good start. You'll need to make an attempt and ask a more specific question than that. Open letter to students with homework problems and How to ask homework questions — kaylum 37 secs ago

I think this is more appropriate at Software Engineering as this is opinion-based here at SO. Check their guidelines on asking, and their code-reviews tag for similar questions. In my opinion though, you should maybe re-check how you are creating feature branches, and why multiple people are in one branch. — Gino Mempin 20 secs ago

Firstly, read Open letter to students with homework problems. Some issues with your code: 1) if user chooses option 1, you need to prompt for and input the search term 2) the method signature should be searchByTitleOrISBN(Book[] b, String searchTerm) 3) to find the book, use if (b.getIsbn().equals(searchTerm) || b.getTitle().equals(searchTerm)). This site is not a debugging service. Copy-pasting all your code into the question and asking us to debug it is off-topic. Please narrow your question, and code, to 1 specific problem. — Bohemian ♦ 56 secs ago

@FrankPuck, if one is a beginner learning C++ and g++ (the OP's situation), one does not create a .gch file. My answer doesn't apply to a mature software engineer who has cause to compile a header file. — tgibson 23 secs ago

This question might be more suited to softwareengineering.stackexchange.com, perhaps... — torek 53 secs ago