As I said, dogs can not-act on instincts, unless you consider anything based on instinct + learning also instinct—in which case everything we do is also instinct.
whichever test a human creates is already determined by his own conceptions, it is not possible to create a test based on how animals think, because we are not animals,
supposing you had a child raised by wolves and you asked him/her to design a test, would it be possible for him/her do it without language?
any test would already be pre-defined by our conceptions in great extent. When you work with scientific research you see this all the time. First you may imagine what the possible answers are, and then you do the question
all of these are very strong terms for psychoanalysis, so it disturbs me a bit, but, sincerily, I'm not able to give you a precise psychoanalytic definition
you don't need to consult wiki on a train, even in the case someone is pointing a gun to you head and requiring a definition so that he will not kill you (you may refuse on moral principles)
you are talking about a material limitation, not the need for the action
Suppose there is an action or thing X. When a certain animal has X in mind, which could be by imagining it or looking at it or whatever, it gets a positive emotional impulse. Under certain circumstances, it will act in ways that make it more probable for X to come about, like moving closer to X, or simply starting to do X, or whatever. If an animal and a certain object or action are accurately described by the previous sentences, it seems reasonable to say that the animal desires x.
Suppose X. Suppose there is a certain end Y that either I posit for the animal, like the survival of the animal, or a comfortable nest. Then suppose that Y cannot be achieved without X: in that case, the animal needs X for Y. If we do not explicitly describe what the end is, and we still say "the animal needs X", then there must be an implicit end Y that is clear to the listener, or the statement "the animal needs X" is ambiguous.
@Tames Haha.
@Tames Why is it restricted to human beings? And, if it is, can you then give me a word that describes the situation I gave above, the first one with X and the animal?
I'm not sure I'm capable of a definition.. I'd say that an animal only has needs, defined by instincts. A human desires, this is related to symbolic values, you desire a smartphone because it symbolizes freedom, fun, etc; but a dog does not desire food, it does not choose to eat or not (even when not eating some food, it is because of conditioning)
In philosophy, it is often used in the way I used it, the general sense; as a more self-conscious, rational term, I suppose it can also be used and is so used. But I wanted the most general, simple sense.
Mainly for lack of a better word.
Need does not fit the bill.
Because it implies an external end: what which you need is not the end of the needing.
While philosophical desire or wanting or whatever does not.
What different definitions of phoneme do you know?
Please note that I'm not asking for an explanation of what phoneme is but rather for professional definitions. I'm interested in how the issue is tackled in different phonological theories.
Edit: It sure is very interesting (no irony) to see ho...
Peltola et al. (2012) showed that there are two types of bilinguals.
Balanced bilinguals mix their two languages and are effected by linguistic categories from both.
Dominant bilinguals seem to switch on the categories of the language they are using, and suppress the categories of the languag...
@Alenanno but it is up to you to chose the subject of the conversation... the analyst will only make some questions based on that... and s/he rarely speaks, really
I have a friend who pays very little for analysis... it is almost worthless. he always misses sessions, is never on time, and is always escaping from important matters
@Alenanno because value is directly associated with money... if something is free, usually people don't make good use of it. it is a shame, of course. And analysis in special needs some form of commitment, otherwise it is useless.
the most common form of commitment in our age is paying
it is a form of recognition of the analyst, as well, something like "this guy knows something that I don't know, so I pay him"
I'm very out-going and talkative sometimes even at the beginning of some acquaintance. Some people don't like this much confidence or lack of coldness at the beginning.
Being not too out-going at the beginning. If you meet someone new and that someone behaves as if you've known each other for years, how would you react?
It'd puzzle me too. But I'd understand it after 2 minutes.
and it is unlikely that you'd see an analyst if you had to pay for it, you would only do it for free, isn't it so?
I guess I'm a troubled person, I've been depressed since childhood, I guess I'm always trying to understand how I managed to survive. It turns out I'm very interested in understanding how people think, in general.
I've always been interested in many things... but psychology and psychoanalysis specially seems to deal with the most complex of all possible objects
everything else seems so pale next to that
and it has to do with all the other fields of knowledge, because there's always a person behind those thoughts
I love it.. and I can't live appart from that... I'm always paying attention to what people say, how and when they say it.. you begin to find meaning behind the simplest things
you feel more alive, it is almost like living in wonderland
What different definitions of phoneme do you know?
Please note that I'm not asking for an explanation of what phoneme is but rather for professional definitions. I'm interested in how the issue is tackled in different phonological theories.
Edit: It sure is very interesting (no irony) to see ho...
Peltola et al. (2012) showed that there are two types of bilinguals.
Balanced bilinguals mix their two languages and are effected by linguistic categories from both.
Dominant bilinguals seem to switch on the categories of the language they are using, and suppress the categories of the languag...
lɪŋˈgwɪstɪks
lɪŋˈgwɪstɪks