I understand that chlorine only needs 1 electron to fill the 3p orbitals and make it stable, but how can it have 7 bonds to oxygen and still not fill the 3d orbitals? Does it have 2 lone pairs that I don't know about? Isn't it still missing 4 electrons to fill the 3d orbitals?

Is there an open resource that helps illustrate all paths of decay for all isotopes (e.g. $\ce{^{99}Mo}$ decaying to $\ce{^\mathrm{99m}Tc})?$ I know the result state/transition map would be massive, but am curious if anyone knows if something exists in open domain. Bonus: In addition to the natur...

I need to displace atoms along a complicated normal mode involving many atoms. I have the normal mode eigenvector, I just don't know how to turn the eigenvector into an algorithm to translate the actual points "along" the normal mode by a given distance for the normal coordinate. I can't find the...

I am running some simulations on a metal organic framework and I need to set different 1-4 coul and lj parameters for different components on my MOF. I need to set it to be 0 1 for the inorganic part and 0.833 0.5 for the organic part. The line I want in LAMMPS is "special bonds" but I'm not sure...