can someone explain why this is an acceptable/“good" question? (haven’t downvoted it, literally wondering…). OP wants to “permanently close Finder”….the OP is essentially asking “how can i destroy OSX’s UI while maintaining UI functionality?” apple.stackexchange.com/questions/240231/close-dock-and-top-bar
@njboot to which i’d say….start up in single user to interact with your machine through a terminal console, or, if that’s not your goal, find a different operating system...
@mbigras Thanks for letting me know about your question, I've answered it! Let me know if you need any more details.
@njboot I haven't voted either, but it raises an interesting point regarding disabling the necessary launch daemons/agents/etc which are used to automatically relaunch the necessary processes. I'd suggest such action as an answer but I that's deep in territory I don't want to venture on my own machine, let alone suggesting it to someone else to try! I agree that OS X almost certainly isn't the operating system you'd want to use in a case like this, but it's an interesting technical challenge.
Although, seriously, just use Parental Controls on a standard account — what else could you want to prevent that you can't with that solution? I've commented to that effect.