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12:22 AM
In dir there are two text files. file1 has abc\n, file 2 has def\n and then compressed those two files with gzip
after running command,
find $dir -type f -name "*.gz" -exec zgrep -Iq . \{} \; -exec zcat \{} \;
I get only def\n but not abc\ndef\n
Sorry I get def\nabc\n but not abc\ndef\n
how to find in sequence?
 
@overexchange Ask questions on the site.
 
ok
Yup raised the query
 
 
1 hour later…
1:57 AM
Am stuck here, can somebody help me?
interesting observation is, out put is not certain
sometime the output is abc\ndef\n and sometimes it is def\nabc\n
 
2:08 AM
@overexchange Any reason you don't want to ask another question?
 
2:33 AM
@FaheemMitha I placed this observation in the same query
 
@overexchange Separate questions should probably go in separate posts. Unless very closely related, perhaps.
Are you talking about:
> Interesting observation: Actual output is sometime, def\nabc\n and sometimes abc\ndef\n
?
If you want an answer to a question, it's probably best to ask it as a question.
 
 
17 hours later…
7:51 PM
In this command find . -type f -name "*.gz" -exec zgrep -Iq . \{} \; -exec zcat \{} \;
with given files a.tar.gz, b.gz, textFile.1
Why -I option rejects a.tar.gz?
grep receives regular files from find , -I will reject regular files that are non-ascii files
Is a.tar.gz not regular file?
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mohet01 mohet01 10240 May 30 12:56 a.tar.gz shows regular file
 
@overexchange It is a regular file, so that means it contains non-ASCII characters.
 
Reason file.gz is considered by -I because it has has ascii characters?. Is that correct?
 
I think any compressed file would have non-ascii characters
Unless the compression is explicitly designed to just use ascii for some reason.
 
8:07 PM
@FaheemMitha zgrep will look at the uncompressed data though.
 
@Kusalananda Oh.
 
@overexchange It's considered because it has no non-ASCII characters.
... which is slightly different.
 
So the issue is whether the uncompressed file has non-ASCII characters?
 
@FaheemMitha Ah, it was you. Hi. (I didn't spot you user handle there)
 
@Kusalananda Hi. How's it going?
 
8:11 PM
@FaheemMitha Yes. A tar archive probably has some non-ASCII characters in it.
 
@Kusalananda True. I suppose zgrep doesn't untar as well.
 
@FaheemMitha Badly. Girl is in hospital. It's a bit rough around the edges here. Coping though.
@FaheemMitha It doesn't.
 
@Kusalananda Oh, nasty. I hope things get better.
I hope the medical costs are not an issue, at least.
@Kusalananda Right. That would be magical.
 
@FaheemMitha We pay a bit, but it's not like in the US.
 
@Kusalananda I should hope not. The US is frigging awful.
 
8:14 PM
If she stays there for a month, I'm expecting a bill of no more than the equivalent of about 500 USD.
 
India is pretty awful too. My sister was in hospital for awhile last fall.
@Kusalananda That's pretty good. The price, I mean.
 
Welfare state and all that...
 
The bill for my sister was several thousand dollars. Which is a lot of money in India. And honestly, they were robbing us. But that's India.
Like with a lot of things here, medical care here in increasingly about how much money you can extract from people.
 
That was for how long a stay?
 
I don't know if they tell Indian doctors about the Hippocratic oath. If so, they don't care.
And they routinely violate the first sentence.
@Kusalananda Around 40 days, I think. I forget exactly.
About 5 days in ICU at the beginning.
Her kidneys shut down.
 
8:17 PM
Ouch.
 
@Kusalananda Of course, in the US, without insurance, it would have been much, much worse.
 
Absolutely.
The only thing I lack is the energy. If I had money issues on top of that then I'm not sure what I'd do.
I'm also blessed with a wonderful set of work mates and managers.
Very supportive.
 
@Kusalananda That's nice.
What about family?
 
Howdy, folks
Long time no see
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Hi there. Welcome (back?)
 
8:20 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Hi.
An Ubuntu user, I see.
 
yup, welcome back, no braces. Haven't been in the chat for a while, although was lurking on the main page.
@FaheemMitha yup, Ubuntu user for the most part, although I've been flirting with FreeBSD and Arch a little
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy And active on AU too.
I see I'm now up to 3.3k on AU, based almost entirely on one answer. Which is nutso.
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy How do you find FreeBSD? Kusalananda is a BSD user too.
 
Yeah. Although haven't been as active there due to school this summer. I hoped to hit 50k by the end of spring, but school work made me nope out for a while
 
OpenBSD doesn't do flirting, she's not into it, so I married her straight away.
 
@FaheemMitha It's alright. As long as there's vim and bash/ksh I can deal with it
 
8:24 PM
@Kusalananda A happy marriage, I hope.
 
She does her part, I do mine.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Presumably you have some reason to use FreeBSD over Linux, though.
 
@Kusalananda Can we pick and cat that non-ascii character from a.tar.gz?
 
@overexchange Hold on, let me test something.
 
8:26 PM
@FaheemMitha Well, when I just started out with Linux and learning *nix over all, I went on a spree of trying out different distros, virtual machines and real installs. So no real reason, just learning and exploring.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Fair enough. I experimented a bit with FreeBSD once too, but it was a long time ago.
But I've been using Debian for awhile now.
 
Never tried Debian. How's it treating you ?
 
@overexchange zgrep -ao '[^[:print:]]' test.tar.gz | od will grep all non-printable characters out of test.tar.gz and feed them through od. I get nul characters (\0) back, which are not ASCII.
@overexchange The tar archive format uses non-ASCII characters to create dividers between the files in the archive.
 
So even if the files in the archive are ASCII files, the archive that contains them will not be an ASCII-only file.
Slight correction: When I say "not ASCII" I mean grep -I would consider a file with such characters a "binary" file.
The nul character has ASCII code zero, so it's clearly an ASCII character...
 
8:34 PM
got u
 
Yay, I just got the "Populist" badge, by virtue of having one of my accepted answers getting unaccepted!
 
hmmm
 
(unrelated to the discussion here, sorry)
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Debian was the first Unix I ran on one of my own machines. I think it was in 1994?
 
Anybody have an idea for some kind of statistical computation for Linux in general ? Going to be learning Matlab and R on my own this summer, so trying to find some kind of project that involves Linux
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Are you looking for a problem or for software (it wasn't clear)?
Ah, a project.
 
8:38 PM
@Kusalananda looking for a problem. I've got all the software. Just need to find something to do with it
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy What kind of background do you have? What domains would be interesting?
 
@Kusalananda Well, for the most part I do text processing stuff. Made a couple small indicator applets for Ubuntu's Unity desktop, one of which involved displaying disk usage for plugged in drives, so that's something I'd be interested in - block devices, drives, etc. Networking stuff is interesting but I'm not very strong in it - so that's something I'd be willing to pick up as a challenge to raise my level.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Ah, sorry, was watching a video. Debian is good. I've been using it since 2001, so it's backgrounded a bit now.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy I have no stats project that springs to mind that would fit R and Matlab around that...
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy machine learning is all the rage these days.
 
8:45 PM
Hmmm . . . Statistics for room temperature from a sensor on Raspberry Pi can't be that challenging , can it ?
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy How much statistics do you know?
Oh, and if you use Ubuntu, you are using Debian.
 
@FaheemMitha zero statistics knowledge, basically.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Ah. Well that makes a statistics-based project rather more work.
Why do you want to do statistical computation then?
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Well, that may be interesting. Maybe look for trends, extrapolation into the future and stuff like that? Frequency analysis over a few weeks of data?
Or an outdoor temperature sensor would be even more interesting?
 
I'm actually electrical engineering student . . . I've some experience with Matlab, but not enough to have a clue of what I'm doing. Hence the goal is to learn the ropes via a project. Plus the closer I get to graduation, the more I think about diversifying my skills. Data Science is pretty popular right now, so that's another thing I'm considering
@Kusalananda actually, that's a pretty good idea. I didn't even think about spreading it over a few weeks.
 
8:50 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy You probably want to start with learning some basic statistics. Maybe take an undergrad class.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy To do stats you needs lots of data.
Well, the basics of stats is fairly readily available without a class. Standard deviation and things like that.
But to understand what you can and cannot do, and what is meaningful and what is not, then you probably need to take some sort of class in it, yes.
 
Yeah, I should probably start with a video lecture on YouTube or something. Undergrad classes are a bit expensive, so I'll pass on that probably.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Where in the world are you, if you don't mind me asking?
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy I doubt you'd learn anything much by watching a video lecture.
You need to do some work. It's not a 5 minute job.
 
@Kusalananda Denver, Colorado, USA. The place of System79 and StackOverflow offices . . .and legal marijuana
 
8:56 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Ah, the US, where everything costs money... ;-)
 
Basically . . .
 
Sorry, that was uncalled for.
 
That's true though, very true
 
So, summary: I think you can do something simple that may be fun with a temperature sensor, definitely. To gain real stats knowledge requires some study. Faheem thinks you need a proper class, and I think you can probably pick the basics up without one.
 
well, on that note, I guess I'll just look up a temperature sensor on amazon and go from there. And maybe a stats book
 
9:07 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy You know, there are oodles of data sources on the web too, I'm sure. Both historical temperatures and other bits and pieces...
Exchange rates, stock markets, water levels, sun UV radiation...
 
@Kusalananda It's hard to learn stuff from just books, unless you are extremely motivated.
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy You could try asking if you could just audit a class. That way you might not have to pay.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy You could even get a collection of documents (spams, scientific articles, novels) and do stats on words...
@FaheemMitha Perfectly true.
 
You could try doing statistical analysis on Linux kernel code.
 
On the source code repository, over time.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy There's some decent stats / R courses on EdX.org, for free that I would recommend. I've just done the "PH525.1x Statistics and R" one.
 
9:10 PM
Learning stuff by doing a project is a good way to go, but you do need some basic foundational knowledge first.
And you need to know some basic maths too.
 
@FaheemMitha Especially if you want to make sense of it, and, as I said, understand what's resonable and what's not.
 
Personally, I think learning probability/statistics at the level of measure theory has something to be said for it.
For one thing, you can get an unified picture which covers discrete and continuous.
@Kusalananda Yes
There's more to statistics than people think.
 
For the record, I failed all of my stats and probability classes at uni...
 
@Kusalananda Well, at least you took some...
 
@FaheemMitha how would that work ?
 
9:13 PM
(still somehow managed to get a degree tho)
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy No idea. Maybe ask around. See what ideas people have.
 
@einonm that's an option,too
 
I'm sure there are useful things that could be done.
 
There was one stat course I took once I might have failed if I stayed in it. I dropped out. The teacher was terrible. He was old and completely out of it. They shouldn't have let him teach. I remember I got like 50% in the first test, because I couldn't make sense of the material. I was so humiliated.
 
9:16 PM
It's "statistics", but doesn't really tell anything interesting. (the link)
 
@Kusalananda LWN regularly reports on kernel statistics. Who wrote the most lines of code, that kind of thing. But I was thinking of something rather deeper than that.
But I don't have any concrete suggestions.
 
Statistics becomes interesting once it starts telling you stuff you didn't know before, like how one thing varies depending on something else.
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy If you know C and basic R, you could try contributing to R itself. I'm sure they have simple work that needs to be done.
All free projects do.
 
@Kusalananda like this? :) tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations
 
@einonm Yeah ;-)
 
9:18 PM
@Kusalananda Statistics is a good area to be in, in some ways. There's a lot of broad applicability. Lots to do. And lots people don't understand.
OTOH, most of the tools people use are pretty primitive. Though it's not clear one can do better.
 
I know C, but not on the pro level. Only have been working PIC18 microcontrollers for a class and wrote a very very basic "ps" program for final project in C class itself
 
Having computing power available in the 21st century helps. At least in an exploratory way.
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy I don't think R uses C a lot, but you would probably need to use the basics.
As you are probably aware, R is written in C.
 
Wasn't aware, but it's a reasonable guess if they're shooting for performance
 
@Kusalananda genius
 
9:24 PM
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy That's traditionally standard on Unix.
 
OK. Lunch break. Will be back later,folks.
 
Dates back to the days when they didn't have anything else that was portable.
These days there are other alternatives.
 
Thanks for all the suggestions, by the way
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy Best of luck! :-)
... or lunch, anyway.
 
This is now a channel for mentoring too.
 
9:25 PM
Ok with me.
We gather all sorts of gems while walking through life. It's not fair to keep everything to oneself.
 
@Kusalananda It's hard to advise people if you don't know anything about them.
I've done it in the past. I've never felt it was effective, personally.
 
@FaheemMitha That is also very true.
 
It might be ok in an organized setup. Though in the real world, people don't care.
At least, in my experience. Then again, the real world isn't a SE chatroom.
By which I mean to say, in the real world, people don't wait around to answer questions from strangers.
 
I've had a couple of mentors. The best ones just encouraged me to do what I thought was worth while.
 
@Kusalananda Hmm. i don't think I ever have, actually.
Well, that's perhaps unfair.
I've had people who tried to help. But for one reason or another it didn't gel.
 
9:30 PM
Sometimes you just need to receive the courage to go for something you'd be wanting to do.
 
It kind of depends what you mean by mentor.
 
Totally.
 
In my mind there's an implication of effectiveness.
Can you call someone a mentor if you don't really think he or she helped you?
 
Hmmm... technically yes. But since it didn't work out, it was probably not a good relationship.
A mentor, in my mind, is an enabler. Someone that enables you to do something.
 
@Kusalananda Well, an example would be my PhD adviser. Nice man, but totally useless.
 
9:33 PM
:-)
 
As an adviser, I mean.
 
Mine too.
I quit the Ph.D....
 
Very nice man. Very respectful. Which is unusual in faculty. Many of them are real creeps.
But he didn't have a clue what he was doing as an adviser.
Did I mention I did my PhD in statistics?
 
Oh!
 
@Kusalananda You mean your adviser was useless?
Though my background is more math. I moved to statistics quite late.
You can still see my thesis online. It's a bit of a mess.
 
9:35 PM
@FaheemMitha I was her first Ph.D. student, and she decided to work in the UK for a spell, and have kids.
 
@Kusalananda Can you elaborate on that? :-)
 
@FaheemMitha She was inexperienced and absent.
This would have been part of my thesis: link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0095341 (my name is "Andreas" here).
 
That thesis is full of errors. Really embarrassing. If anyone bothered to read it.
@Kusalananda Unfortunately problems with advisers are extremely common.
People who usually survive in academia do so not because of help from advisers. Or anyone else, for the most part.
@Kusalananda Is that your name, then?
 
@FaheemMitha Yep, that's me.
 
@Kusalananda Ok.
Looks relatively mathematical.
 
9:43 PM
@FaheemMitha It's all linear algebra. Didn't understand most of the more difficult bits (it was my advisor's research), I worked mostly on the implementation.
You have more formulas in yours.
 
@Kusalananda Oh. Doesn't sound like a path to a successful career.
 
I realized :-)
 
@Kusalananda I understood everything in mine. I wrote it all. But the area is a dead end.
Unfortunately, my adviser, who pointed me to the area, didn't understand that.
Or much else, as it transpired.
 
Hey you two, have you seen the new Bioinformatics site? It needs your help!
 
I'm a better programmer than a numerical analyst.
 
9:45 PM
4
Q: Is there a large enough community to sustain this site?

Robert CartainoSpread the word. In less than a week, this site will undergo a private beta evaluation. I had to postpone the pro tem nomination thread — typically posted today — because there simply isn't a large enough community signed on to support this site. We need to increase your numbers. Typically we ne...

 
@terdon Oh?
 
He had some wildly unrealistic notion of applying perfect sampling to financial mathematics. Why, in hindsight, is hysterically funny.
Like, roll on the floor laughing funny.
@terdon Hi. No, I hadn't seen that.
 
@terdon That may be interesting for the guys at work.
 
Come on over and join in. At the moment, there are really few of us, but the knowledge base seems quite high.
@Kusalananda It'd be great if you could spread the word so they could help it grow.
I would love to have a real, working and healthy bioinformatics SE site.
 
I might sign up on it, but my bioinfo-fu is based on my programming skills, not my biology skills...
 
9:48 PM
@terdon Remind me how to sign in/join up.
So, someone is making the push despite the existence of biostars?
 
@FaheemMitha You need to go to the Area51 site and join from there:
14
Bioinformaticsbioinformatics.stackexchange.com

Beta Q&A site for researchers, developers, students, teachers, and end users interested in bioinformatics.

Currently in private beta.

@FaheemMitha Yes. Because biostars sucks.
 
@terdon Gotcha.
 
Or sucks compared to SE anyway.
 
@terdon It does?
 
It's noisy as hell, the quality isn't very high, usually very few votes, answers lost in comments. . .
 
9:50 PM
@terdon I've joined. Are you expecting some actual activity from me, or are just bodies good at this point?
@terdon Are you planning to take an active interest in this new site?
@terdon Ok.
 
@FaheemMitha Dunno. Ideally, as I understand from Robert's post there, we need new posts. But new users can't hurt, even if they don't post
 
@terdon ok
 
@FaheemMitha I have been there a lot this week, yes. More on meta than on main and leaving comments and editing but yeah.
 
@terdon Ok. A site like that would have been useful a few years ago.
 
Aye
 
9:54 PM
I'm now there as well. Will keep an eye out for topics I may have input on.
I've also posted about the site to our work Slack users...
 
@Kusalananda Nice, thanks!
 
@terdon Scanning through the topics, it looks like this may be more useful for my colleagues than for me. :-/ I'm just the Unix wiz kid the real bioinformaticians call upon when they need me to do debugging or infrastructure.
 
@Kusalananda Well, I think there's at least one more person from that side of things:
The way the word bioinformatics is used these days pretty much suggests any part of biology that involves the use of computers to process data. Once upon a time bioinformatics dealt with the best ways to organised, store, and cross-reference biological data. It was fair to call it subfield of informatics. But most bioinformatician these days wouldn't know the first thing about databases, and as commonly used, itis a subfield of biology. — Ian Sudbery May 22 at 23:11
Also, that's great! The main issue we have here is precisely that the userbase is too small and there's not enough variety,
I would call infrastructure questions on topic (as long as they're somehow specific to a bioinformatics lab), so it'd be great to have someone with your knowledge.
 
@terdon Pep talk. Thanks!
I'll keep the tab open in my browser :-)
 
Yay!
 
10:09 PM
I didn't even know Bioinformatics was in proposal, let alone a functioning site.
 
@FaheemMitha Yeah, it passed me by as well.
 
I'm tempted to import some of my old questions from Biology and Biostars.
@Kusalananda @terdon forgot to tell us. Bad terdon.
In some cases I never got proper answers, anyway.
 
@FaheemMitha That would be cheating, surely? Unless they are unanswered.
 
@Kusalananda Why?
 
@FaheemMitha Hold on! You're in bioinformatics too?
 
10:11 PM
@Kusalananda Hmm?
 
@FaheemMitha I didn't know either. Someone posted in the biology chat room about it only last week.
 
I did bioinformatics related work, yes. If that's what you are asking.
@terdon Ah.
 
@FaheemMitha Sorry, I was not aware of that.
 
I worked in a computational biology group for a bit. And also one of those awful clinical trials groups. Ugh. In both places I did stuff one could call bioinformatics.
 
Ah.
 
10:13 PM
If you know statistics and can program, it's quite likely you'll end up doing bioinformatics stuff. Though bioinformatics is one of those poorly defined terms. Like communist.
2
Typically biologists don't know statistics. And if they can program, they usually do so very badly. With shining counter-examples like our terdon excepted.
I have some stuff online.
 
@FaheemMitha Ha!
Well put :P
 
Ha, I see the bioinfo site has a biomart tag. I wrote that! (well bits of the core code of it).
 
@Kusalananda You did? Kudos, that's some fancy tooling there.
 
@Kusalananda Congrats. Those db sites are a nightmare to navigate.
 
@terdon It was initially an Ensembl project.
 
10:16 PM
Often I end up begging for help.
 
@Kusalananda Initially? You mean it isn't any more? I only ever saw it on Ensembl.
 
@terdon speaking of which, aren't you doing something related to bioinformatics ?
 
@Kusalananda Next time I need help, I know where I'll come begging. :-)
 
@terdon Arek, the guy who came up with it, took it with him to Canada. biomart.org
 
@SergiyKolodyazhnyy You could say that, yes. :)
 
10:21 PM
(I'm noticing I'm not on the acknowledgment page there, oh well)
 
I'm a bioinformatician.
@Kusalananda Tsk. Not cool!
 
The only thing about bioinformatics stuff that I know is FASTA, because there's occasionally people coming with questions to parse that type of file in awk or something.
 
@Kusalananda That sucks. Write him a stiff email. CC former colleagues.
 
I need to diversify my knowledge.
 
@Kusalananda Oh wow. It's grown! OK, I only knew it as the funky new search and retrieve feature of Ensembl.
But I only learned how to use it to give a course on it :P
 
10:22 PM
@terdon I don't mind. I'm on one of the papers though: academic.oup.com/database/article/doi/10.1093/database/bar030/…
 
I would get most of my stuff from the API. I did use it sometimes though.
@Kusalananda Oh hey, I used to work with one of the co-authors. Arnaud.
 
Small world.
 
I take it you're the second author, no less?
@FaheemMitha Certainly in the bioinformatics world. We've already found other common acquaintances.
 
@terdon Cool! More connections.
@terdon It's me, yes.
 
@terdon oh
 
10:24 PM
@Kusalananda I guessed as much. Nobody else had enough umlauts.
 
:-)
It is an interesting idea, biomart. We spent so much time working out a highly normalized database schema for the (ordinary) core databases, and along comes Arek and denormalizes everything! The mart databases are huge, but also blazingly fast to query.
 
I used to use Ensembl every day from around 2002 to 2010 or so, but have barely touched it since then. So I'm not up to speed on whatever they're up to these days. Not past visiting a few times a year to look at something specific.
I used UniProt and geneontology.org for most of my post doc. Don't really use any such resource in my current job. Weird, not that I think of it.
It's been a while.
How large are the Enseble data @Kusalananda? I mean the whole thing. If I wanted to make a full mirror of Ensembl, how much disk space would I need?
Roughly, obviously.
 
@terdon Ho hum...
(I'm doing some browsing to try to find out)
 
10:40 PM
@Kusalananda Oh, don't bother.
it was just idle curiosity!
I thought you might know off the top of your head.
As in 1 peta or whatever.
 
@terdon No, sorry. Terabytes, possibly.
 
I would be very surprised if it isn't several TB at least. Although I might be getting too used to the volumes of data needed for next generation sequencing. But still, if our little startup already needs ~3T for our data, Ensembl must be a few hundred TB, I'd guess.
 
@terdon 2.7 terabytes for the databases, apparently.
 
Holy crap. Only? Wow.
 
10:44 PM
Damn. That's tomorrow's pendrive.
 
@terdon Well, it's the sequence that takes most space, but I believe it's stored compressed.
 
@Kusalananda Nice! That's exactly what I was after, thanks.
@Kusalananda Yes. There are some really cool tricks around these days for storing sequence data.
Gone are the days of simple ASCII text files, apparently.
 
@terdon The next big thing is all the supporting evidence, then the exons.
Oh, and SNPs.
But that's just integers.
 
24
Q: What's the most efficient format to store DNA sequence?

kenorbI'd like to learn which format it's commonly used for storing full sequence human genome (4 letters without quality score) and why. I assume storing it in plain format would be very inefficient. I would think more about binary format like 2 bits per nucleotide. Therefore, which format would be ...

 
I saw that :-)
Didn't know about 2bit
 
10:47 PM
Me neither.
 
@terdon Note that that's for setting up a complete set of databases and the web site only. Running the Ensembl pipelines would require lots more! Lots and lots more.
 
11:08 PM
Of course.
 

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