@Gilles The issue is (I hope it is *was*) that cuonglm made a comment stating that my answer was wrong because "a subshell is also a child-shell". As I understand it, there are two types of "child processes" which happen to run a shell: subshells and full child shells. A process is either one of those, not both.
Despite me offering this data points to @cuonglm:
Bash does not call a ```bash -c``` a subshell:
echo "$BASH_SUBSHELL"; (echo $BASH_SUBSHELL); bash -c 'echo "$BASH_SUBSHELL"'
The last paragraph of [Wooledge Subshell](http://mywiki.wooledge.org/SubShell) say: