(1) The board seems to be a version of esp32, with special a feature UWB. If you don't need the special feature, of course you can use a smaller esp32 without the chip for the special feature. (2) Esp32 is a mcu like Arduino, and can be programmed in a couple of languages, including MicroPython.

References: (1) ESP32 UWB Module - ESP32 Indoor Positioning Solution with Ultra Wide Band - 10,104 views, Nov 8, 2021 youtube.com/watch?v=uj68drAjIRo&t=3s

I am looking for a replacement for the 1st, a smaller one (because I already have the 1st with me and it works fine), so I think the 2nd is the solution. If it works with Arduino then yes it is my solution, how do you assure me? Is it a generalized and very common component? What's it called?

When I say "the 2nd" I mean the 2nd link: es.aliexpress.com/item/1005002284315770.html

My apologies. I did not read your question too carefully. So what you want to know is if Arduino can work with DWM1000?

No. I want to know about this module. What components does it have? I want to know if that have an Arduino compatible microcontroller or not. aliexpress.com/item/1005002284315770.html

Well the component is DW1000, it can talk to ESP12, NodeMCU, mostly likely esp32, but not sure also with Arduino or compatible MCUs. Perhaps we can google for more info.

And first thing first is to read the datasheet:

DW1000 talks SPI, so any MCU talking SPI should be able to control it.

And the summary:

This is the product sheet and interface details for the ¥30 BU01 (DW1000):

And DWM01 SPI is pretty standard 4 wire:

Ah, locking down lunch time. See you later. Cheers.

The module pinout seems to be simple to wire.

So now I have a rough idea of how any MCU speaking SPI can interface with DW1000. However, I know DW1000 is a very complicated device, and the toy you bought is using the very powerful ESP32 controlling DW1000. One confusion is that the Arduino IDE with target MCU ESP32 is used to develop the ESP32 + DW1000 board. (Yes, Arduno libraries are used application, not the development of the board.)

I then googled around to get a feeling of how complex it is to do what you hope to do, ie, finding a MCU, Arduino or otherwise, to talk to the DW1000. I came across the video by PlayfulTech:

The above 48 minute video actually convenience me that what you hope to do is very very complex, not at all for newbies. I would suggest you to watch the video and see if you agree with me.

The below are two more useful references:

I am taking a break here. Perhaps you would like to watch the video and skim the references and make any comments or suggestions.

Locking down bed time. Call it a day. Happy learning. Cheers.