Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It is a white hygroscopic crystalline material. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, and is available commercially in anhydrous form and as the monohydrate (LiOH.H2O), both of which are strong bases. It is the weakest base among the alkali metal hydroxides. == Production and reactions == Lithium hydroxide is produced in a metathesis reaction between lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide: Li2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → 2 LiOH + CaCO3 The initially produced hydrate is dehydrated by heating under vacuum up to 180 °C. In the...

In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and 2-butanol. == Organic chemistry == === Epoxides to glycol === Several billion kilograms of ethylene glycol is produced annually by the hydration of ethylene oxide: C2H4O + H2O → HO–CH2CH2–OH Acid catalysts are typically used. === Alkenes === For the hydration of alkenes, the general chemical equatio...

A combination reaction (also known as a synthesis reaction) is a reaction where two or more elements or compounds (reactants) combine to form a single compound (product). Such reactions may be represented by equations of the following form: X + Y → XY. Combination reactions can involve different types of reactants: There is no specific number of reactants in a combination reaction. Combination reactions are usually exothermic because when the bond forms between the reactants, heat is released. For example, barium metal and fluorine gas will combine in a highly exothermic reaction to form the salt...