The x86 instruction set has been extended several times, introducing wider registers and datatypes as well as new functionality == x86 integer instructions == This is the full 8086/8088 instruction set, most, if not all of these instructions are available in 32-bit mode, they just operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts. See also x86 assembly language for a quick tutorial for this processor family. The updated instruction set is also grouped according to architecture (i386, i486, i686) and more generally is referred to as x86_32...

The GNU Assembler, commonly known as gas or simply as, its executable name, is the assembler used by the GNU Project. It is the default back-end of GCC. It is used to assemble the GNU operating system and the Linux kernel, and various other software. It is a part of the GNU Binutils package. The GAS executable is named as, the standard name for a Unix assembler. GAS is cross-platform, and both runs on and assembles for a number of different computer architectures. Released under the GNU General Public License v3, GAS is free software. == General syntax == GAS supports a general syntax that works...

In the field of digital signal processing, the sampling theorem is a fundamental bridge between continuous signals (analog domain) and discrete signals (digital domain). Strictly speaking, it only applies to a class of mathematical functions whose Fourier transforms are zero outside of a finite region of frequencies (see Fig 1). The analytical extension to actual signals, which can only approximate that condition, is provided by the discrete-time Fourier transform, a version of the Poisson summation formula. Intuitively we expect that when one reduces a continuous function to a discrete sequence...