In mathematics, Church encoding is a means of representing data and operators in the lambda calculus. The Church numerals are a representation of the natural numbers using lambda notation. The method is named for Alonzo Church, who first encoded data in the lambda calculus this way. Terms that are usually considered primitive in other notations (such as integers, Booleans, pairs, lists, and tagged unions) are mapped to higher-order functions under Church encoding. The Church–Turing thesis asserts that any computable operator (and its operands) can be represented under Church encoding. In the untyped...

The Cupertino effect occurs when a spell checker erroneously replaces correctly spelled words that are not in its dictionary. == Origin == This term refers to the unhyphenated English word "cooperation" often being changed to "Cupertino" by older spell checkers, with dictionaries containing only the hyphenated variant, "co-operation". Cupertino is a city in California, and its name is often used as a metonym for Apple Inc., as the firm's corporate headquarters are located in the city. "Cupertino" has been in the dictionaries used by Microsoft Word since at least 1989. Lack of vigilance in post...

Daisugi (台杉) is a Japanese technique related to pollarding, used on Cryptomeria (sugi) trees. The term roughly translates to "platform cedar". When applied in a silviculture context, the daisugi method requires trunks to be pruned every 2–4 years in order to maintain the straight, clear grain that they are coveted for. == History == In the Muromachi period a form of very straight and stylized Sukiya-zukuri architecture was highly fashionable in Japan, resulting in a rise in demand for straight, uniform logs. As a response, the daisugi method was developed by foresters in the Kitayama area of Kyoto...

Philippe Blanchard (French pronunciation: [filip blɑ̃ʃaʁ]; born 8 December 1968), known professionally as Philippe Katerine, is a French singer-songwriter, actor, artist, director and writer who began his career in 1991. Some of his popular singles include "Mon cœur balance", "Je vous emmerde", and "Louxor j'adore". At the beginning of his career, his musical style was often described as easy-listening, with bossa nova accents and texts that were often morbid or anguished and tinged with humor, all sometimes interspersed with audio collages. He also incorporated elements of rock and electronic...