"In Gough–Joule effect, the temperature of rubber increases considerably when it is stretched to large extensions. But for small extensions (< 50%), a slight decrease in temperature is observed. This phenomenon is called thermoelastic inversion [5]. However, for small deformations, the temperature of rubber increases during compression and does not even change during shear or torsion.
Also, generally materials exhibit a positive coefficient of linear expansion. But for rubber, this coefficient changes from positive to negative depending upon its extension. Stretched rubber shrinks on heati…