About 10 years ago, Greg Egan wrote a novel called
Incandescence, about an alien race living in a rock orbiting a collapsed star (it's not clear whether it's a neutron star or a black hole). These people never developed Newtonian mechanics, they went straight to GR. Some of the exposition is a bit clunky, but IMHO Egan mostly does a good job of making the scenario seem plausible.