is it the current in the circuit through which thermionic emission occurs, or we are just calling the accelerated electrons that are striking the metal target to be current ?
No, or at least I don't think so. All the filament current does is heat the filament. I suppose there is an effect since the thermionic emission is probably related to filament temperature, but I suspect you can't change the filament temperature very far from the optimal temperature.
Either it will stop emitting thermionic electrons or it will burn out.
Hmm, OK, go with whatever answer the JEE expects I guess.
There obviously is an effect of filament current since the filament current controls the temperature, but I'm surprised it's proportional to the filament current.
@JohnRennie I just wanted to ask that since there are 3 orbitals in p subshell can they have any random magnetic quantum number.... like Px can be any between -1,0 or 1 or any specific out of these three?
If we have some external factor that picks out a direction, e.g. if there is an external magnetic field, then it's traditional to call the p orbital that lines up with the field pz.
But it's just a convention. There is nothing special about "z".
The EM wave really is just a wave. Where the photon comes in is that if the wave has a frequency f then it can only exchange energy with something else in units of ΔE = hf. And those discrete transfers of energy are what we mean by a photon.
So if you shine light at a hydrogen atom that light can only transfer energy to the atom in units of hf.
suppose we want to excite an electron of a hydrogen atom by bombarding it with a neutron or something, now if the energy is less than 10.2eV of neutron, the collision would be 100 per cent elastic?
but then why do we say that some energy is lost due to collisions , usually? like when studying about continuous x-rays one of the factor indeed is due to acceleration of electron (as you explained it ), but my teacher also said that it is lost due to collision?
what do we actually mean by it, energy lost due to collisions?
Both a hydrogen atom and a neutron are neutral particles. If the neutron bounces off the atom it gets accelerated, but neutral particles don't do anything special when they are accelerated.
But as we discussed a few days back, if you accelerate a charged particle it will give off a burst of EM radiation.
Whenever we have a system that is spherically symmetric the wavefunction will split into a product of two parts: Ψ = R(r) Y(θ, φ)
This is a result of the symmetry and doesn't depend on the exact details of the system. It always happens for spherical symmetry.
The R function depends on 𝑛 and 𝓁 so it's different for 1s, 2s, 2p, etc but it doesn't depend on 𝑚 so all three p orbitals share the same R(r) function.
The Y(θ, φ) depends on 𝓁 and 𝑚 so it's different for s, px, py, px, etc
