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Suppose that the Jordan canonical form $J$ of a matrix $A$ is an $n \times n$ Jordan block of the form $$J = \begin{pmatrix} \lambda & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 \\ 0 &\lambda & 1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \lambda & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \lambda & 1 & \cdots & 0 &...
In computer vision, the fundamental matrix
F
{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} }
is a 3×3 matrix which relates corresponding points in stereo images. In epipolar geometry, with homogeneous image coordinates, x and x′, of corresponding points in a stereo image pair, Fx describes a line (an epipolar line) on which the corresponding point x′ on the other image must lie. That means, for all pairs of corresponding points holds
x
′
⊤
...
In mathematics, a fundamental matrix of a system of n homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations
x
˙
(
t
)
=
A
(
t
)
x
(
t
)
{\displaystyle {\dot {\mathbf {x} }}(t)=A(t)\mathbf {x} (t)}
is a matrix-valued function
Ψ
(
t
)
{\displaystyle \Psi (t)}
whose...
In the mathematical theory of probability, an absorbing Markov chain is a Markov chain in which every state can reach an absorbing state. An absorbing state is a state that, once entered, cannot be left.
Like general Markov chains, there can be continuous-time absorbing Markov chains with an infinite state space. However, this article concentrates on the discrete-time discrete-state-space case.
== Formal definition ==
A Markov chain is an absorbing chain if
there is at least one absorbing state and
it is possible to go from any state to at least one absorbing state in a finite number of steps....
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