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In mathematics, a norm form is a homogeneous form in n variables constructed from the field norm of a field extension L/K of degree n. That is, writing N for the norm mapping to K, and selecting a basis
e1, ..., en
for L as a vector space over K, the form is given by
N(x1e1 + ... + xnen)
in variables
x1, ..., xn.
In number theory norm forms are studied as Diophantine equations, where they generalize, for example, the Pell equation. For this application the field K is usually the rational number field, the field L is an algebraic number field, and the basis is taken of some order in the ring of...
I'd like to evaluate following expression efficiently (numerically).
$$g_a(x) := \int_0^x e^{-t^2} \int_0^{at} e^{-s^2} dsdt$$
If I want a given fixed accuracy, and evaluate both integrals using e.g. a summed quadrature formula for each integral, the cost is about $O(ax^2)$. Is there a better w...
