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7:04 PM
matrix invertible iff determinant is
naturality matters for pretty much anything
for example in the form that taking determinants and evaluating polynomials commute
 
@Thorgott thats row reduction dude
@Thorgott that det(AB) = det(A)det(B) dude, which is also row reduction
what is wrong with you
 
LOL, it looks like @Balarka learned something from my book :P
 
that's an A+ proof
 
convince me row reduction works over arbitrary rings
 
Well, some of us don't care about arbitrary rings.
 
7:09 PM
but that's what we're talking about
of course the universal matrix is useless when you just work over fields
 
let's see. if R is a local commutative unital ring, SL_n(R) is elementarily generated so row reduction works
 
and no, that if you have a matrix with polynomial entries, first evaluating the matrix entrywise and then taking the determinant or first taking the determinant and then evaluate the resulting polynomial yielding the same result is not the homomorphy of the determinant, it's naturality
 
if R is a commutative unital ring, A is a matrix with det(A) a unit, can't you localize, pushforward A by SL_n(R) -> SL_n(R_m), use elementary generation of SL_n(R_m), pullback?
That's a proof, no?
 
Does anybody know how to integrate? $$\int_{-\infty}^0 \big(\log(1-e^{x^3})\big)^{1/3}~dx$$
 
local rings are elementarily generated (in particular the first K-group vanishes)
 
7:13 PM
sounds reasonable (though I don't know that SL_n(R) fact, but I trust you it's correct)
that localization gives a map SL_n(R)->SL_n(R_m) is also a consequence of naturality btw :)
 
I assumed @Thor was working in a non-commutative setting.
 
Matrix rings over noncommutative rings?
My god
No way
 
Oh, so his "general" is still commutative?
Good grief.
 
I hope so
Please tell me that's true @Thorgott
 
sure are
 
7:15 PM
The fracas I referred with cross-product led to a discussion of determinants in a non-commutative setting.
 
I don't do noncommutative stuff
unless it's groups, of course, groups are great
 
I wouldn't call a commutative ring very general.
 
There's a form of Nakayama lemma which goes through for noncommutative rings
The main point is you don't need Cayley-Hamilton for Nakayama
 
27 mins ago, by Thorgott
Lord of The Rings (henceforth assumed to be commutative with unity)
I had told you this is my setting already
 
So your complaint is that, in principle, you need PID to do row operations?
 
7:17 PM
If R is a PID, SL_n(R) is elementarily generated yeah. But for example having a Euclidean size function suffices
 
I think matrix rings over non-commutative rings is how you can construct a counter-example to invariance of rank in the non-commutative setting
 
And local rings are almost Euclidean, the "uniformizer" is a good enough size functions
 
at least I remember seeing matrix rings over non-commutative rings in some ugly counterexample once
 
so for local R, SL_n(R) is elementarily generated
(and thus semilocal is elementarily generated as well, etc)
 
OK, this fulfills my need to be "general" for 365 more days.
 
7:18 PM
Haha
I learnt this when I was learning classical algebraic K-theory
 
when asking a question about an integral what do you say if you have no idea how to integrate it?
do you just say? "I don't know how to solve it?"
 
"How solve this"
integral here
"Thanks you"
that is generally the format i think
 
Generally people want motivation/context ... or some idea of what it might be remotely interesting.
I mean, the generic integral we write down no one can evaluate.
 
just that suffices, one of the integral addicts will do the rest
 
yeah @Thorgott
 
7:21 PM
:)
 
the integration community in MSE is nuts
 
Probably no more nuts than the abstruse algebra community.
Neither appeals to me.
 
I remember one of my first sum question
13
Q: How find the sum $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\binom{4n-4}{n-1}}{2^{4n-3}(3n-2)}$

china mathtoday,I see a amazing math problem: show that $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{\binom{4n-4}{n-1}}{2^{4n-3}(3n-2)}=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{17+3\sqrt{33}}}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt[3]{17+3\sqrt{33}}}-\dfrac{1}{3}$$ This problem is from here. But I consider sometimes,and I think it maybe use Taylor therom ...

 
You posted that? Pre-Balarka 1.0?
 
I posted an answer
This was Balarka 0.1.0 beta release
its actually a decent answer now that i look back
i have worse
 
7:24 PM
Where did you learn all that arcane stuff?
 
I used to be a quintic addict, so I knew how to invert an analytic function, more or less
 
That seems quartic. But agh.
 
lol yeah
p random
 
cosine squared of arc cosine of x minus cosine squared of arc cosine of y equals negative one half
 
my top answer in MSE is some polylog shit
i dont even remember what a polylog is anymore
 
7:29 PM
My top answer is the stupid thing about trace of a matrix, I think. So stupid.
 
my top answer is in the making
 
@Ted: Why? It's a good answer!
 
It's stupid. My #3 vote getter is cool, though — Thurston's 37th definition of the derivative.
 
Yeah that's a good one as well
I think my favorite from your top 10 is the geometric interpretation of tensor, #6
 
#2 about "I was always bad at math." Crazy.
Oh, for line bundles, you mean?
 
7:32 PM
Yeah
 
Concatenating twists. Nothing surprising.
 
You taught me how to think about tensor products of bundles by referring me to that answer, IIRC
So that's why it's my favorite
 
#4 I actually have used in the Spivak course. One of my former students (who got his PhD at Princeton and quit academia) stumped me on that for five minutes originally.
 
what does this mean?
(close for a community specific meaning)
 
Huh?
 
7:39 PM
people can vote to close for a "community specific reason"
 
There is no hope to find an antiderivative for your integral. But the nature of the integrand makes me 99.999% sure you can't use complex analysis.
You're reading this on some meta SE site? That means a reason specific to a particular community.
 
you can just tell by looking at the integral that there's no hope?
 
The (-1)-sphere is the empty set, right?
 
Pretty much. Come to think of it, have you stopped to prove that this integral even converges?
 
@geocalc33 I think if you have a Pro edition of WA it gives you a step-by-step derivation: wolframalpha.com/input/….
Or it might be computing it numerically, idk.
 
7:48 PM
How come $y'=y^2 / 2$ blows up in finite time but $y'=y^2-1$ doesn't? I mean if we start with a value like $y(x_0)=10$ then the derivative of the second is much bigger
 
Hi @TedShifrin
 
@LeakyNun The explicit solution is $y(x) = (1 - e^{2 c_1 + 2 x})/(e^{2 c_1 + 2 x}+ 1)$
 
aha
I took the liberty of replacing $e^{2c_1}$ with $k$
and then assumed that $k$ can be negative
note that if $k$ is positive then the starting point can only ever be between -1 and 1
WA doesn't always tell you the whole truth
 
Oh, that's smart
thank you
 
8:11 PM
Hi @Michael
@Emolga @Leaky: I don't follow. If I take $c=\frac12\log(9/11)$, this is what I have for $y_0=10$. There are solutions with $|y|<1$ but also different solutions with $|y|>1$.
Emolga, your solution is only valid for part of it. Remember that there's an absolute value when you integrate to get log.
But, yes, this shows that antiderivatives can be very sensitive to a little wiggle in the function.
 
well, not antiderivatives, but integral curves
 
Well, in this case wiggling the function changes the antiderivative from $1/y$ to $\log(\frac{y+c}{y-c})$. I'd say that's a serious change.
I'm not talking about stability re wiggling initial condition.
 
you're wiggling the vector field, not y; $f \mapsto \int f$ is of course a continuous function on $C^0$, so whatever the symbols look like in the end, the antiderivative of a function only changes by (a constant multiple of) as much as the function changed
I'm just objecting to calling this an antiderivative instead of an integral curve
 
I'm talking about perturbing $\arctan(x/c)$ to $-1/x$ to $\log((x+c)/(x-c))$ even though the derivatives are "close" in some sense (obviously not uniformly) as functions.
Actually, that was always one of my favorite puzzles to Calc II students. How is it that the antiderivatives of $1/(x^2-1)$ and $1/(x^2+1)$ look so different. Of course, they don't if we use $\Bbb C$.
 
8:26 PM
I'm really not sure what your point is, that the symbols are different? Sure
 
No, the functions are qualitatively totally different.
 
But so are 1/(y^2+c) which is your input
 
Well, I guess my point is that $x^2$ and $x^2+\varepsilon$ don't seem so different.
 
The qualitative difference comes from the qualitative difference in your input, and the qualitative difference (blowup at pm sqrt(-c)) is the same
OK, fair enough
I would just say that symbols can fail to capture the qualitative features of functions
Anyway, this is pedantry on my part no matter what
 
It's some sort of lack of stability in some sense. Of course I'm intentionally being vague. It can probably be phrased in terms of non-transversality to some Thom-Boardman stratum in function space.
 
8:30 PM
I think it's just that 1/t is discontinuous at 0. :P
I hope nobody comes by later to pick on me by saying "it's continuous everywhere, just not defined at 0".
 
Well, certainly, over $\Bbb R$, anyhow, something is explained by looking at $1/(x^2-\varepsilon)$ versus $1/(x^2+\varepsilon)$. But it's surprising that $1/x^2$ is so different from $1/(x^2+\varepsilon)$.
I mean, it's not surprising, but it's surprising.
Anyhow ...
 
Well, but again that's just because x^2 has a zero. But I will admit that I probably only am saying "oh, it's clear" because I've seen this.
I do think that what we're seeing here is not obvious and interesting, even if these examples show it immediately --- that the function "vector field $X \mapsto$ integral curve of $X$ through, say, $(0,0)$" is only continuous in a very local sense --- is surprising
And now I've chased off anyone interested in this to begin with
Fall is Topology and Calc IV (multivar integration, with a bit at the end of intro to complex variables). Should be fun.
 
Ah, it's nice to show some complex after Green's Theorem, etc. I assume classes will be remote, although that's being debated everywhere still.
 
We were given a choice for classes of size <50 and I'm not interested in risking my health or anyone else's.
It's clearly a worse learning & teaching experience to be online, but so is being in person and having a sick family member.
 
Yes. They're still battling in Georgia. The governor had forbidden masks to be required. The damage this administration is wreaking with abandon.
Yeah, I would be very frustrated if I hadn't retired, but with my health issues and age there's no ****ing way I'd be around college students now.
 
8:39 PM
My university's bringing back in-person classes in the fall and already brought back faculty and staff to the campus
as of last month
 
Yes, gotta love the backward red states.
 
I mean, here in Chicago Lori opened up the bars and restaurants all by herself. Reckless abandon is widespread; we all worship that Aztec god, the economy
 
Southern CA is closing back up again
 
I love sacrificing the average person to Moloch so that the shareholders can have peace of mind.
Really great. Super awesome.
 
I cannot fathom how the market is not crashing through all this. It makes no sense.
 
8:41 PM
The people up top have been given assurances that their investments will be safe.
 
it's essentially zombified and has been for a decade, kept alive through increasingly intense quantitative easing efforts (pouring money into it to keep it high)
 
And the Trompolini folks forcing the Fed to do ...
 
the proportion of companies which have more debt than they produce profit has been going up linearly since the 2008 crash
again, since 2010, Ted
 
The market may not be crashing, but the people are. Yet another case study in the fact that the market does not reflect the reality as felt by the people
 
yeah, ok
Of course, @Fargle, of course.
 
8:43 PM
As French encyclopedist and philosopher Denis Diderot once put it, "Ya hate to see it."
 
That's not quite a French locution.
 
Oh hey @MikeMiller!
And others of course
 
Hi @Krijn
 
@TedShifrin hey Ted!
 
Hi @Ted!
 
8:47 PM
hi Stan
 
So im doing a thought experiment. If I take a piece of paper and curve it along the long axis so the shorter sides get closer
Does the paper have intrinsic curvature?
From what I just read the answer is no because one f the principal curvatures is 0
Does that make any sense?
 
That's extrinsic, not intrinsic.
 
So the intrinsic is 0
 
Yup. Paper is flat.
 
Hi @Krijn long time no see
 
8:51 PM
Hi @Krijn. I teach soon, so I'm not really here. Just saw the ping.
 
You're teaching summer?
 
Hi! Yeah, I did consultancy for a while but that was stupid
 
Yes, Calc III once more
 
Ah.
 
I still rewrite the lectures before giving them since there's always something I can improve
& summer classes are formatted slightly differently
 
8:53 PM
Yup.
 
Sometimes it seems as if every website of every mathematician is made by the same guy who knows HTML from way back when
 
I never really redid mine after years and years.
 
That's because we all copied ours from someone before us, and if you follow the chain you hit that same guy
 
Except of course for the masterpiece of Mochizuki: kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/top-english.html
 
I like the photoslide
 
9:02 PM
It's like walking into an anachronism.
Beautiful
 
@TedShifrin intuitively what does a Frenet frame give us?
The diagram with a helix in ur book is cool. I got the concept immediately from it
 
It's the analogue of Taylor polynomials. $T$ gives you the first-order direction, $T,N$ span the best plane fitting (to second order), etc.
 
I find people find the osculating plane very confusing but the osculating circle intuitive
 
That's odd, @MikeM.
I find planes determined by 3 points easier than circles determined by 3 points :)
 
Well, just "The plane which your curve most nearly sits in" sounds more convoluted than "The circle which is the best approximation to your curve", no?
Approximating a 1D thing by a 2D thing throws people off
 
9:17 PM
I talk about the plane spanned by three points, one the point $P$, the other two approaching.
Hard to visualize what plane the circle is in if you don't know what the plane is ;P
 
The one I generally find hard to intuit is the rectifying plane. Both the oscu plane and circle make sense to me
 
Sure, once you know the circle the plane is clear
But I think it's easier to imagine the circle before you imagine the plane
I don't really think it should be in a calculus class, anyway, it deserves more time than the one class usually devoted to geometry of curves
 
I agree. I made that comment to you when you were teaching it last time. I never have taught this stuff in multivariable calc. There are more important things.
 
I do remember finding it weird that my calc book in high school developed the Frenet frame and then never used it again, instead forging on toward surfaces and
(the divergence/Green's/Stokes') theorem.
 
Wonder what the history of that choice is
 
9:21 PM
hello to prove that <.> is a continuous
$$
|\langle x,y\rangle-\langle x_0-y_0\rangle |\leq ||x_0||||y-y_0||+||x-x_0||||y_0||+||x-x_0|| ||y-y_0||
$$
 
Those times I do cover it (and the way we split up the calc courses here, Calc III is starved for content to begin with) I try to focus on how it allows us to better visualize velocity & acceleration
 
Yeah, this is a historical relic ... I mean in undergrad diff geo it's a good excuse to make people learn the single-variable chain rule. I can see talking a little about the physics of motion and understanding centripetal acceleration as it relates to banking roads.
Aha. Bingo.
 
Quantitative ways of understanding qualitative behavior, basically
 
haw to continue the calculus please ?
 
Yeah that would have been my guess as well.
 
9:22 PM
I'm not allowed integrals so I can't even use ALP to begin with :)
 
@linda: This is the usual product rule proof for limits. Review that.
You're not allowed integrals from Calc II in Calc III? That's stupid.
 
But I do point out how reparameterization only changes speed, and not direction
 
I do like the interpretation of the tangential and normal terms in acceleration.
 
Calc III here is designed to be taken by econ students who want to know Lagrange but don't want to know integrals. Half my enrollees usually.
I do too
 
ALP?
 
9:24 PM
ArcLength Param
 
Ahh.
 
Isn't Calc II a prereq, @MikeM? I'm confuzled.
 
Yeah I can't imagine introducing Frenet without ALP
 
No, it's written precisely so that it doesn't need to be
 
I mean, a separate second calc for econ people is common.
 
9:24 PM
Yes, but that's not the historical contingency I was hired into
 
Ah, crazy. Same watered down course for physics/engineering as for weak economists.
 
I, II, III, and IV form a diamond of prerequisites
 
I doubt that diagram commutes.
 
I suppose that was someone's view of efficiency.
 
@TedShifrin how to start please I forget it
 
9:26 PM
You want two terms on the right, not three. $xy-ab = (x-a)y + a(y-b)$.
And you can go back and look in books :)
 
@Fargle It's a poset, which you interpret as "If x < y, then x is a prerequisite for y", so one needs all three for IV
But the middle layer only needs I
 
I see.
I was thinking I -> II -> IV or I -> III -> IV
Which would be even more asinine. To their small credit, I guess.
So I take it IV is what has all the juicy theorems?
 
It makes some sense, but to me the sophistication required for physics/math/engineering is just different, unless the econ folks are intending to go to grad school, in which case they need more (like linear algebra and multivariable analysis).
 
Yeah exactly
 
I think I agree, but I've never taught at a university level, so grain of salt and all that.
 
9:30 PM
I try to make III novel by including a discussion of the basics of linear algebra and matrices so I can give an honest explanation of the chain rule, instead of the awful one I'm used to seeing
 
(Although I might as well have last semester...)
 
I never really understood why I had so much calculus
Is it for the physics students?
 
@TedShifrin pouvez vous s'il me donner la forme de ce que je dois obtenir a la fin
 
Probably a combination of the applicability to the sciences and the fact that a lot of the goings-on in calculus motivate later study.
 
Historical contingency I would say
 
9:32 PM
@Linda: J'ai déjà dit comment il faut commencer. Après ça, c'est à vous.
 
That's probably the better answer.
 
Even though lots of pure math students are allergic to computations, I think they are an important part of mathematics.
 
They're the only part I'm good at :<
 
I hope I didn't seem to imply otherwise
 
In my multivariable math class I told them they would have to do proofs and computations more challenging than the typical calc/lin. alg. classes.
(I guess in linear algebra, the point is to figure out what computation to do to solve a given problem.)
Not you, @MikeM.
 
9:35 PM
Phew
 
anyone know a hint for evaluating this? $\frac13\frac{\partial^{-1/3}\beta(x, y)}{\partial^{-2/3}x\partial^{1/3}y}\bigg|_{x \rightarrow 0, y\rightarrow 1}$
 
What does it even mean?
 
I believe it's a fractional derivative?
 
What does it mean?
 
fractional derivative?
 
9:41 PM
@TedShifrin mais qui sont x,y,a et b ?
 
Dans ce cas-là, ce sont des nombres réels, mais vous pouvez comprendre ce qui se passe.
 
Hello everyone! I'm having trouble with some differential geometry topics... I'm trying to prove that a Riemannian mfld $(M,g)$ is conformally flat iff $Ric=\lambda g$ (for some function $\lambda$); does anybody have a hint?
 
Is that true?
 
If it's not, I'm in big trouble
But yeah, at least one of the two implications, I'm pretty sure it's true
 
@TedShifrin non je suis complètement perdue
 
9:45 PM
Manifolds satisfying the latter equation are called Einstein manifolds
 
@linda: Comme j'ai dit ailleurs, il faut lire et comprendre la preuve dans un livre.
 
I'm rather skeptical. The usual statement is that a Riemannian manifold is conformally flat iff its Weyl curvature is zero
 
Mike's right. See this.
 
Next is to ask whether conformally flat manifolds are Einstein, which again I think the answer is no but I don't remember Besse well enough to say off the top of my head
 
@MikeMiller They're Einstein mflds when $Ric=\lambda g$ for some constant $\lambda$.
 
9:48 PM
Ah, I'm sorry to have misread your question
 
@TedShifrin j'ai deux livres un la laissé comme exercices et l'autre n'a pas mis la preuve
 
In dim $\ge 3$ such a function $\lambda$ must be constant.
That's Schur's lemma.
 
I told you I'd forgotten Besse
 
Also surely a constant $\lambda$ is an example of "some function $\lambda$" anyway? So these counter-examples still hold?
 
@linda: Here, for example.
 
9:50 PM
At least in one direction of the implications
 
I don't know a lot of Riemannian geometry, but this is a homework problem I always assigned.
 
My fault, $\lambda$ isn't a very nice name for a function. The fact is, the definition of Einstein mfld "given in class" to us was the weaker "non-constant $\lambda$" version, so I'm struggling a bit
 
Did you read what I said?
 
Oh yeah, right. Sorry
 
The proof I do (with differential forms) is about two lines.
 
9:54 PM
I always forget this little fact, tbh
 
@TedShifrin Suppose I have a piece of paper and I bend it so as to create positive Gaussian curvature. Then I take the top of the paper and, while holding the bottom fixed, I twist it. Is there a concept that would describe such a twist?
 
I think of it as analogous to the exercise in curves/surfaces that if you have an umbilic point at every point, then in fact the principal curvatures have to be constant.
You can't, @Stan. Papers can't be distorted.
This is part of the consequence of Gauss's Theorema Egregium.
Are you starting with a balloon instead of paper?
 
It's 1.97 in Besse
Are you Schur it's due to Schur? They don't cite him. He's got another theorem in Ricci geometry
 
Hmmm, I thought so.
 
@TedShifrin hang on, I will show u
 
9:56 PM
His other statement is that Einstein manifolds (dim > 2) have constant scalar curvature
 
Spivak says Schur, @MikeM.
 
Surprising Besse don't give his name
 
Let me check doCarmo.
 
Thanks for checking
I trust Spivak
 
Oh, wait. I lied. I'm thinking of a slightly different result.
My fault. If you have constant scalar curvature at each point (independent of 2-plane), then in dim $\ge 3$ that constant is globally constant.
This is different from Ric. My apologies.
 
9:59 PM
@TedShifrin comment réécrire ||(x-x_0,y-y_0)|| ?
 
Ah, I did know that one was due to him.
 
Yeah, my fault, sorry. Somehow I think they are closely related, but I need to think about that.
 
Still, your comment that $\lambda$ is constant is correct. I follow the argument (indeed two lines) but I don't really find it intuitive
 
Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire, @linda?
 
j'essaie de réécrire la definition de la continuité <.> est continue si pour tout epsilon >0 il exist delta >0, ||(x,y)-(x_0,y_0)||<\delta implique |<x,y>-<x_0,y_0>|<epsilon
 
10:02 PM
@TedShifrin So I'm reading this book about the human spine. In it the author is working with this object
so i tried to simplify it
so i could study the math cuz he doesn't give any real math for this
hang on let me show u
 
Oh yeah, @MikeM. In my homework I did assign the Ric result, and I said "note the analogy with Schur's lemma." The proof is a bit wonky, though.
 
In Besse they use divergence and some assortment of basic calculations of divergence.
 
@linda: Il faut commencer par comprendre la démonstration pour les nombres réels. Après, on fait la même chose.
 
@TedShifrin so on the left side, there's no curvature. in the middle it's curved one way, and on the right it's curved to ways
and i drew blue arrows to roughly show the change to the parallel transport
 
10:05 PM
@TedShifrin j'ai compris mais je n'arrive pas a faire la meme chose
 
@MikeM: The proof I sketched in my homework used Bianchi plus contraction, so probably same proof. This isn't moving frames.
 
For sure.
 
@TedShifrin the author claims that
because of the curve
 
It basically requires that I remember that $\delta \text{ric} = -\text{scal}/2$, which I didn't until I read this. :)
 
if you rotate bar B one direction then bar A rotates the opposite direction
 
10:06 PM
I don't understand, @Stan.
I don't understand what's diagram and what's actually real. You were talking about a piece of paper.
@linda: A la fin, il faudra Cauchy-Schwarz.
 
@TedShifrin It's ok. I'll go work a bit more and try to get something more clear. I'll be back amigo :)
 
OK
@Stan: The question is — what is "it"? If that's a band of paper, it's still flat no matter what.
 
Anonymous
10:38 PM
The notation $\{0, 1\}^{\mathbb N}$ means the set of all maps $\mathbb N \to \{0, 1\}$. Does $\{0, 1\}^{\mathbb R}$ mean the set of all maps $\mathbb R \to \{0, 1\}$?
 
Of course.
 
Anonymous
Oh alright, thanks
 
11:10 PM
I'm sorry to bother you again, but since we established the existence of non-conformally flat Einstein manifolds, I'm starting to wonder what the link between Einstein manifolds and the Weyl tensor would be.
Is it just something like, if $W=0$ then $R=f g\wedge g$ ($\wedge$ being the Kulkarni-Nomizu product)? Or there's something else?
 
11:59 PM
@OttavioBartenor I suggest looking through Chapter 1 of Besse --- it may or may not answer your question but it'll give you the tools to.
Either of the Besse books are fantastic references (for much much more than the objects in their titles), but the one I mean is "Einstein manifolds".
 

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