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7:00 PM
So $H^1(X, O) \cong \Bbb C$
 
god what is this mumbo-jumbo
will i also have to do this stuff when i do riemann surfaces this semester
 
Riemann surfaces are just warped versions of the complex plane
 
Yeah actually I have proved $H^1(X, O) \cong \Bbb C^g$ assuming the Abel-Jacoi map gives an isomorphism $\text{Pic}_0(X) \cong (\Bbb C/\Bbb Z^2)^g$. I don't know how easy that is though.
 
I'd rather work with $H^{1,0}$, $H^{0,1}$, and $H^{1,1}$, here.
 
@BalarkaSen what's the intuition behind UFD = Picard group trivial
what does factorization have anything to do with line bundles
 
7:04 PM
We have explicit generators $dz$, $dz\wedge d\bar z$, so I think that gives an explicit generator $H^{0,1}$, no?
 
Is Mayer-Vietoris applicable with Dolbault cohomology ?
 
@LeakyNun Yeah I never remember this properly. I'd have to think.
But first I have to eat. Dinnertime.
 
ok thanks
 
@Astyx, no; at least, I've never thought about it/seen it.
 
Thought so
 
7:09 PM
There are various spectral sequences.
 
You can probably prove that there is no such thing by looking at standard examples like complex tori and projective spaces
Wait, no, I'm being dumb
There's an MV for Dolbeault cohomology because there is one for ahead cohomology and Dolbeault cohomology is the cohomology of the sheaf Omega^q
Which restricts along open sets to Omega^q of that open set
sheaf* cohomology
 
OK back
First of all, $\text{Pic}_0(X) \cong X$ is direct for a torus $X$. This is saying elliptic curve addition is the same as divisor addition.
 
wow, you're having dinner at 12:30
 
So the proof $H^1(X, \mathcal{O}) = \Bbb C$ I gave is totally elementary
 
@BalarkaSen Yes, for the torus I got it, thanks.
 
7:20 PM
I don't know what it means in terms of the Cousin problem, that's a good question. I think Ted's differential forms approach must be the right way to go.
I could never wrap my head around these various groups beyond the homological algebra.
 
@BalarkaSen Yes that was the original reason I asked about $H^1(M, O^*)$ nontrivial
I don't immidiately see how there can be analytic hypersurface which is not given by zero locus of a function defined on teh entire manifold
 
Yeah somehow the additive Cousin problem is really nontrivial.
@Lelouch Those are principal divisors. Very rare
Take any nontrivial line bundle on $M$, and take meromorphic sections.
You get nonprincipal divisors.
I mean, just think about the case for Riemann surfaces. You want degree to be 0 to be a principal divisor, in the first place.
 
Yeah
 
@MikeMiller Is this computable
I have never seen such an MV computation, seems cool
 
OK so I should probably learn about divisors for dimension $>1$
 
7:26 PM
I feel like the reason MV is easy in normal de Rham is because of fine-ness of the sheaf, but I haven't thought about this point.
@Lelouch Scary dude
 
But I didn't think of divisors for Riemann surface as the intuition for why the multiplicative cousin problem shouldn't be true in general. That's nice !
By the way, am I missing something or the fact $H^1(M, O) = \mathbb{C}^g$ follows directly from an easy application of Leray's theorem ?
 
What is Leray's theorem?
I feel like understanding that group was a struggle when I read Forster but I admit I don't remember.
 
for an acyclic cover $U$, $H^*(U, O) = H(M,O)$
and we know that $\mathbb{C}$ or $\mathbb{C}^*$ is acyclic
 
Where the left hand side is Cech cohomology? I don't get it.
 
@BalarkaSen what do you mean ?
 
7:31 PM
What do you mean by $H(U, O)$ for a cover $U$?
Cech cohomology, right?
 
yeah, cech cohomology. Basically, you don't need to take direct limit or further refine the cover
 
Yes, sure. And then?
Why is it $\Bbb C^g$?
 
So for example a RS with genus $g$, it's easy to see taht you can find an open covering such that each open set is biholomorphic to $\mathbb{C^*}$, and there are $g+1$ pairwise nonempty intersections which is also biholomorphic to $\mathbb{C^*}$
so for this covering, you get $H^1(U, O) = \mathbb{C}^g$
 
How? How are you solving the Cousin problem?
Why does having a cover of cardinality $g+1$ imply the 1st cohomology is $\Bbb C^g$?
 
Yeah sorry you're right, I was thinking BS
I thought you can argue similarly as in the case when the sheaf is constant sheaf, and since the only holomorphic function defined on the entire surface is the constant ones, but of course this don't make any sense.
 
8:28 PM
@BalarkaSen For P^n lol. That's how G&H do the computation.
You calculate for (C*)^k x C^l explicitly and patch
 
9:12 PM
there's this guy on this lecture that pretends to know what he's talking and is asking idiotic questions phrased vaguely so as not to give away that he doesn't know what he's talking about
and he just keeping going at it..
 
9:58 PM
What should I show to prove for the given two sets $A,B$, inf(A)\leq inf(B) ?
 
That for every $b\in B$ there's an $a\in A$ such that $a\le b$
 
Hello all! I need to calculate the shaded region of this figure:
However I think that there is not enough information. Should $h$ be $4$?
 
h can be anything
 
@Astyx Why is that? How about sup(A)\leq sup(B)?
 
@love_sodam Actually what i said is not completely true
 
10:02 PM
yep, h is unique
 
@Astyx can't we play with the area of the figure $(B+b)h/2$ to do something for finding $h$?
 
You can either express h as a function of the area or express the area as a function of h
 
@Astyx Then what?
 
What's the context of all this ?
 
@Astyx that's a good idea, however this is for childrens, I don't think they know what a function is
 
10:06 PM
Do you know what the area of the triangle or is it an unknown ?
 
The image is all we have
And I guess they want the area of the shaded region (in black)
 
What do you think it is ?
 
to show sup(A)\leq sup(B), is it suffices to show for any a in A, there is b in B such that a\leq b?
 
@Astyx we could state that $A=bh/2$, where $h$ is unknown, and $b$ is $10-x$, so $A=h(10-x)/2$
 
What is x ?
Oh I assumed the trapezium was isosceles
 
10:11 PM
@love_sodam you've gotta show that $\inf A \le b$ for all $b \in B$
 
Yes but I want to state without \inf A
 
the other condition doesn't quite work. Consider $A = [0,1],\ B = [-2, 2]$
Alright. Then you want to prove the following implication: $L$ is a lower bound for $A \implies L$ is a lower bound for $B$.
 
I don't understand why that example shows it doesn't work
 
because for all $a \in A$ there exists a $2 \in B$ such that $a \le 2$. But $\inf A = 0 > -2 = \inf B$.
 
He/she was talking about the inequality between sup @JoeShmo
@love_sodam The statement I gave is sufficient to show the inequality between infs. The statement you gave is sufficient to show the inequality between sups
They're not necessary though
 
10:19 PM
Oh, I see
 
@Astyx we don't know xD That's because the figure is not clear
 
Then what would be the sufficient condition for sup?
 
Let's suppose we have a square of side $4$, so $h=4$. Then what could we do to find the area of the triangle?
 
A (not the) sufficient condition is the one you gave above
 
You mean that's not a sufficient condition?
 
10:22 PM
I mean it is sufficient
 
Oh, ok
 
If $A$ is an abelian group, let $\hat{A} := Hom_{\Bbb{Z}}(A, \Bbb{Q}/\Bbb{Z})$. I want to argue that $\hat{\Bbb{Z}_n}$ is a cyclic group of order $n$ (i.e., it is isomorphic to $\Bbb{Z}_n$). It's clear that any $f \in \hat{\Bbb{Z}_n}$ is determined by its image on $\overline{1}$. I conjecture that $f_0(\overline{1}) = \frac{1}{n} + \Bbb{Z}$ generates $\hat{\Bbb{Z}_n}$, but I'm having a little trouble verifying this.
Clearly $f_0$ has order $n$. If $f \in \hat{\Bbb{Z}_n}$ is nonzero, then $f(\overline{1}) = \frac{p}{q} + \Bbb{Z}$, where we can take $0 < p < q$ and $gcd(p,q) = 1$.
I want to argue that $q = n$, but I am not sure how to.
Does any of this sound right?
 
Can you not set $f(1) = k/n$ for any k ?
All you need is $n f(1) =0$
 
I don't understand your question. I can't choose $f(1)$ equals, because I am taking $f$ to be arbitrary.
 
Oh sorry, I misread you
 
10:29 PM
Yeah, $\Bbb{Z} = f(0) = f(n) = nf(1) = n(\frac{p}{q} + \Bbb{Z})$, so $\frac{np}{q} \in \Bbb{Z}$, which means that $q$ divides $np$.
Since $gcd(p,q) =1$, $q$ divides $n$, so $n = kq$ for some $k$...but this seems to be the opposite of what I want...hmmm....
 
You don't necessarilly have q=n
 
Yeah...you're right...
It doesn't seem possible to argue that $k=1$...hmm...what is going on...
 
if n is not prime, n= ab, then a/n = 1/b is still in the image
 
$\operatorname{Hom}_{\mathbb{Z}}(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z})\cong\{x\in\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}\mid n\cdot x=0\}\cong\{p/n+\mathbb{Z}\mid p\in\mathbb{Z}\}$
 
All you want is $nf(1) = \Bbb Z$
 
10:33 PM
yes, I see now.. did he edit it? I could swear it was inf...
 
I don't think so @JoeShmo
 
🤷‍♂️
 
non-compiled latex isn't easy to read :p
 
@Thorgott I'm not so sure my professor would like that answer. As it is, I don't think he'd like my way of proving it either, since he wants me to explicitly construct an isomorphism from $\Bbb{Z}_n$ to $\hat{\Bbb{Z}_n}$, but I don't see how to construct it.
 
nah, your isomorphism's the right one
 
10:37 PM
You want $nf(\bar 1) = \Bbb Z$, which means $f(\bar 1)= {k\over n} +\Bbb Z $
 
Hi folks :)
 
$f\mapsto f(1)$ is an iso from $\widehat{\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}}$ onto $\frac{1}{n}\mathbb{Z}/\mathbb{Z}$
 
I have something which I think is quite well-known but I don't know the name for it
I have a random variable with some probability distribution, and a function which maps these random variables to some another variables, and I'd like to find the probability density of the codomain of this function
 
and the latter is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ via multiplication by $n$
 
is there a name for such a process?
 
10:38 PM
Wait, what is $\frac{1}{n} \Bbb{Z}/\Bbb{Z}$?
 
the subgroup of $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$ whose elements are residue classes of $\frac{1}{n}\mathbb{Z}$
 
$\Bbb Z$ is a normal subgroup of ${1\over n}\Bbb Z$, so you can take the quotient $({1\over n}\Bbb Z)/\Bbb Z$
 
Sorry to interject. I have some conflicting information written in the notes I've been accumulating, an $n\times n$ matrix is diagonalisable if and only if it has $n$ linearly independent eigenvectors, which necessarily means it doesn't have degenerate eigenvalues. But I also have it written down that degenerate eigenvalues don't imply a matrix can't be diagonalised.
 
So $\frac{1}{n} \Bbb{Z}/\Bbb{Z} = \{p/n \mid p \in \Bbb{Z} \}$, as you wrote above?
 
you can have eigenvectors with eigenvalue 0 @Charlie
@user193319 there's a $+\Bbb Z$ missing
 
10:41 PM
no, $\frac{1}{n}\mathbb{Z}=\{p/n\mid p\in\mathbb{Z}\}$, $\frac{1}{n}\mathbb{Z}/\mathbb{Z}=\{p/n+\mathbb{Z}\mid p\in\mathbb{Z}\}$
 
Is that a unique case then? If it has non-zero degenerate eigenvalues it is necessarily not diagonalisable
 
Oh, whoops...that's what I meant to write.
 
what's a degenerate eigenvalue ?
 
>1 algebraic multiplicity
"degenerate" may be a term only used in physics
:P
 
yeah, never heard of a degenerate eigenvalue
 
10:43 PM
You can have two eigenvectors for the same eigenvalue
They don't have to be distinct
 
is that one where geometric multiplicity is smaller than algebraic multiplicity
 
yeah, just repeated eigenvalues = those eigenvalues are "degenerate"
 
can I ask mathematical physics here lol
The gravitational force exerted by a symmetric sphere of mass M on a particle external to itself is exactly the same as if the sphere were replaced by a particle of mass M located at the centre.
why is this true
 
in QM the Hamiltonian having repeated eigenvalues would mean the system has "degenerate" energy levels, that's where it comes from
 
For instance the identity matrix on $\Bbb R^3$ has one eigenvalue (1), but three eigenvectors (take any basis of $\Bbb R^3$)
 
10:45 PM
it is the superposition principle @Stupidquestioninc
 
I've heard "degenerate" in my physics classes for sure
(and they weren't talking about me)
 
haha
 
:P
 
like
astyx where r u from
 
France
 
10:46 PM
bonjur
 
What about you ?
 
I have a cousin in Italy
 
Bonsoir
 
USA 🇺🇸
 
@Charlie ah ok I will try to search for that
 
10:47 PM
Just going back the eigenvalue thing, if a matrix has repeated non-zero eigenvalues it is necessarily non-diagonalisable?
 
No
 
@Stupidquestioninc It is essentially the statement that if you add up all of the vectors representing the "force" from each piece of the shell it is the same as one big vector at the centre
 
that was a reference to Gad Elmaleh, btw
 
Ah yeah, this was in the trailer right ? I've never seen the movie
 
@Charlie that makes sense lol
 
10:49 PM
If that's the case, then the matrix can't have $n$ linearly independent eigenvectors since the repeated eigenvalue must correspond to two linearly dependent eigenvectors, which contradicts the first statement that a matrix is diagonalisable if and only if it has $n$ linearly independent eigenvectors :(
 
No, you can have multiple linearly independant eigenvectors for one single eigenvalue
 
might have been, I remember him refurbishing that joke on several occasions. I'd seen him live in NY for the Netflix special he had filmed
 
Look at the example of the identity matrix I gave above @Charlie
 
oh, yeah that's a good point lemme think for a second
 
If you have distinct eigenvalues, you are guaranteed to be diagonalizable. But if not, there still is a chance you are
 
10:52 PM
if the physics book could at least write which is constant and which is changing then I would not be confused at all
 
Suppose $f: (X_1, d_1) \to (X_2, d_2)$ is a mapping of metric spaces. For any $\delta, \epsilon > 0$, let $$U_f^{\delta, \epsilon} = \{x \in X_1: \text{ there are }y, z \in B_{\epsilon}(x)\text{ with }d_2(f(y), f(z)) > \delta \}$$
How would use set operations with $U_f^{\delta, \epsilon}$ to obtain the points at which $f$ is continuous?
 
OH
the algebraic multiplicity of the identity is 3 not 1
that was the bottleneck, pretty duh
 
@Stupidquestioninc Check out Gauss's law for gravity and the Shell theorem
 
gtg, thx again @Astyx, always appreciate your help
 
you're welcome
 
11:08 PM
I think I figured it out... it's $$\bigcap_{\delta > 0, \delta \in \mathbb{Q}}\bigcup_{\epsilon > 0, \delta \in \mathbb{Q}}(X_1 \setminus U_f^{\delta, \epsilon})$$
 
You don't need those $\delta\in\Bbb Q$
 
@Astyx Agreed
 
11:31 PM
@Astyx thanks for tips
why gauss law of gravitation is not in classical mechanics
 
11:49 PM
@Stupidquestioninc Among my YouTube lectures is one on Gauss's law and gravitation. Assuming you know Stokes’s Thm/divergence thm.
Just $\delta=1/k$ should suffice, Clarinet.
@Clarinetist Look up the notion of oscillation at a point.
 
hi Ted
 
Hi Joe
 
Thanks @Ted, I've given the concept a bit of a skim.

Early on in this semester, I set up a chat room for all of us students to interact during this two-semester measure theory + probability sequence. I thought perhaps my classmates weren't interacting with the chat room recently because they finished the assignment already. Turns out they haven't even started, and they're full-time students.

I don't miss the full-time-student life one bit.
 
I enjoyed my studenthood .
Adult research etc life was way tougher.
 
Compared to just taking classes on the side and working full-time, I prefer this over being a full-time student. Then again, I'm not aiming for a tenure-track position.
 
11:59 PM
It takes all sorts.
 
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