How can we determine the electric charges of quarks? And what are the values? The color charge is not the electric charge... How do we even know their electric charge? I would think that there are more ways how the quarks' charge could be distributed.

My book mentions that water contracts on melting, but the book doesn't give any reason why it does so. It is mentioned that: $1\,\mathrm g$ of ice of volume $1.091\,\mathrm{cm}^3$ at $0^\circ\mathrm C$ contracts on melting to become $1\,\mathrm g$ of water of volume $1\,\mathrm{cm}^3$ at $0^\cir...

I am reading a document on cosmology and particle physics (this s the first time I look into something like this). It frequently states the word "non-relativistic" but I do not understand what is meant by this. When I try to Google it, I don't get a straight answer. The passage I'm referring to i...

I use an LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) gas stove at home for cooking purposes. I notice that, in the flame, the bottom part is almost always blue but the top has a yellowish-orange color. Why is that? Edit - There was a suggestion from the community asking me whether an answer regarding the color...

In Young's double-slit experiment, the medium between the slits and screen is usually air. But, if we replaced air with another medium, for example water, the wavelength of light would change and the fringe separation should also change as it is equal to wavelength times distance from slits to sc...

Are there different interpretation variants of the MWI with varying conceptions of how real these worlds are? How "real" are those many worlds according to the interpretation/s? Is it better thought of as different physical universes or one universe with different history contents with those hist...