I have this small gear which has sat on my desk for a couple years. I can't remember where it originally came from or what material it's made out of, so I'm hoping you can help me solve this mystery. I initially thought this was made of stainless steel owing to the galling on one face and the I...

Born-Mayer Equation: $E_{P,min}=-A\frac{N_A|z_1z_2|e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0d}(1-\frac{d^*}{d})$ Here is where I have gotten: $$ E_P=-A\frac{N_A|z_1z_2|e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0d}, E_P^*=N_AC'e^{-d/d^*}\\ $$ Energy minimized when $\frac{d(E_P+E_P^*)}{dd}=0$ $$A\frac{N_A|z_1z_2|e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0d^2...

I understand the reason for why Markovnikov product is favoured in the addition of acidic reagents (HX) where the electrophilic addition reaction is brought out by the attack of a proton on the double bond. This enables the most stable carbocation (often the Markovnikov product) to form which get...