Sometime on the Internet we see some cute cat doing some cute things: And because of that, an English speaker will say: It's so cute. Because I'm French, and in French we have no good equivalent for 'it', I wonder... Does the 'it' stand for: The cat. The situation (what the cat is actually...

TL;DR: What resources tie Proto-language roots (eg Proto-Indo-European), to English and French, especially if spelling has changed? I always heed linguistic pitfalls, but I always try to find some right ways of interpreting this language, so that it feels reasonable and intuitive. For example...